Database System Development Exam

Database System Development Exam Adam Warsame Course: FDSc Computing Module Title: Database Systems Assignment Title: Database Systems Assessment Introduction The task for this assignment is to develop a database for a local garden centre. To understand the system better and what way it should operate; it was a good idea to review other examples of databases online. From these reviewed examples, was able to gather a rough understanding of what the database should withhold. Analysis The following tables were chosen for this database: Customers:- Customers table is used to hold all the vital information about a customer, such as: full name, address, email and feedback/reviews. Delivery:- Delivery table is used to withhold all the necessary information needed such as shipping date, order information, arrival date and delivery company. Plants:- Plants table is used to store all the information about plants such as popular name, type, features, description etc. Orders:- Orders table is used to hold all the information needed such as order date, delivery information, plant quantities and total price. The following tables (including attributes) were required as a minimum: Customers table; Full Name Address Email Feedback Deliveries table; Order information Shipping date Arrival date Delivery company Plant table; Garden Plant case Latin name Popular name Colour of foliage Colour of flowers Flowering period Height Spread Type of plant Full description and more Orders table; Order date Delivery information Plants quantities Plant prices The database will let staff/admins have a range of rights over the system and will be able to do things such as, edit plant list, create plant list, delete plant list, oversee customer details, monitor orders and check delivery information. Customers will also be able to do a range of things such as, register, make orders, check available plants and choose plants according to its type, attributes or position. Basic commands like edit, delete or save will allow the customer and staff members to quickly accustom to the database and discover things while doing so. As this is an SQL database, we can automatically assume that it will be constantly in development; both in expanding and editing form; which are the simplest of objectives for this type of database. A backup option is implemented to reduce and in due course; stop data loss. Simple password protection will also safeguard customers and staff from identity theft. The requirements are to create a database for a local garden centre called â€Å"Lincoln Garden Centre†. The system should provide the selling facilities, oversee and keep track of customer, plants, orders and staff. Below there is a data flow diagram which displays how the system will allow the customers/users to make orders and what type of processes are included until they have their order. Once the user has registered in the database, they will have the opportunity to scroll through the list of plants and/or select the exact features in which they are interested in most. When they finally decide about their order, they will be able to place an order which in turn will then be seen by a staff member who can store the customer’s order and shipping details and allocate them in the order table. Customers will be able track their orders and identify the estimate dispatch/delivery dates. When the orders are released, the staff can update the plants list if necessary. The whole system is built for this and will easily be able to trace orders, most popular plants, inventory and all related operations. Entity-Relational Model Normalisation 1NF 1NF is the most basic of all the normalisation processes but 1NF can only work if all tables have different entity types. Meaning, no relationships between 2 or more can be developed; otherwise it would break the rules for 1NF. The other rule is that all tables need a primary key, or else that would also go against the rules. 2NF One of the rules within 2NF process is that, only 1 row can have the same details stored. For example, when searching for a postcode, it would also show the town, county etc. To get around this then postcode will need to be created in its own table (postcode being the primary key also a foreign key in other tables) thus completing the need for relations in 2NF. 3NF Values that have the potential to be changed, in a 3NF database, need to be within a table, as a single order may alter the stock levels by creating an order. If not removed, the normalisation rules cannot be met. Within a 3NF system there shouldn’t be any rows/columns that have the exact same information; this is because it should go into a new table. SQL statements for implementation and manipulating database 1) Database: `199209-garden` 2) CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `Customers` ( `Customer_ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Full Name` varchar(25) NOT NULL, `Address` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Email` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `Feedback ` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`Customer_ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=13 ; data for table `Customers` 3) INSERT INTO `Customers` (`Customer_ID`, `Full Name`, `Address`, `Email`, `Feedback/Reviews`) VALUES (1, Jo Millan, 7 Windsor Road, CHESEFIELD, FH1 9LA, [emailprotected], NULL), (2, Harry Hugo, 4 Colywn Bay Road, WANEKE, BA91 8FS , [emailprotected], NULL), (3, Alice Payton, 2 Moor Way, PRESTATYN, NF44 1GB, [emailprotected], NULL), (4, Paul Hudson, 19 Johnno Rd, POSSING, PV33 0FLL, [emailprotected], NULL), (5, Tessa Godknock, 79 Butler Lane, HAHISON, DC10 5LF, [emailprotected], NULL), (6, Abdi Armed, 41 Wool Rd, GONZAGAE, BF35 64S, [emailprotected], Nice website!), (7, Masteran Katrina, 3 Bopping Rd, BEALUMONT, FP3 8TE, [emailprotected], NULL), (8, Ryan Starr, 99 Trevor Lane, LOUIS, ZX25 4GL, [emailprotected], NULL), (9, Ben Augustine, 61 Llaneli Street, BALLYMENA, OA38 8FB, [emailprotected], NULL); ); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `Delivery` ( `Delivery_ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Shipping Date` datetime NOT NULL, `Delivery Information` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Arrival Date` datetime NOT NULL, `Delivery Company` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`Delivery_ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ; data for table `Delivery` INSERT INTO `Delivery` (`Delivery_ID`, `Shipping Date`, `Delivery Information`, `Arrival Date`, `Delivery Company`) VALUES (1, 2011-04-16 15:00:00, Order_ID 1, 2011-04-22 12:00:00, Royal mail. 1st class), (2, 2012-10-21 14:00:00, Order Number 2, 2012-11-07 14:00:00, Ups), (3, 2012-01-11 11:00:00, Order Number 2, 2012-01-22 13:00:00, Royal mail. 2nd class), (4, 2013-11-09 13:00:00, Order Number 3, 2013-11-30 12:00:00, Ups); ); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `Orders` ( `Order_ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Order date` datetime NOT NULL, `Order information` text NOT NULL, `Plant quantities` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Price` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`Order_ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ; data for table `Orders` INSERT INTO `Orders` (`Order_ID`, `Order date`, `Order information`, `Plant quantities`, `Price`) VALUES (1, 2013-01-10 00:00:00, Rosa Falstaff, Balkan cranesbill., 1, 21.98), (2, 2012-12-28 13:00:00, Abyssinian gladiolus,Ginger lily,Striped bloody cranesbill, 1, 31.89), (3, 2013-01-07 00:00:00, Skyscraper lily, 2, 7.98), (4, 2013-01-07 18:00:00, Striped bloody cranesbill, 10, 79.90); Table structure for table `Plants` CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `Plants` ( `Plant_ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Latin Name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Type` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Colour` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Features` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Flowering Season` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Scented/Unscented` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Groundcover` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Sun Level` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Soil Type` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Orientation` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Special conditions` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Position` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Description` varchar(5000) NOT NULL, `Price` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`Plant_ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COMMENT=Plants Table AUTO_INCREMENT=11 ; data for table `Plants` INSERT INTO `Plants` (`Plant_ID`, `Name`, `Latin Name`, `Type`, `Colour`, `Features`, `Flowering Season`, `Scented/Unscented`, `Groundcover`, `Sun Level`, `Soil Type`, `Orientation`, `Special conditions`, `Position`, `Description`, `Price`) VALUES (1, Rosa Falstaff, Ausverse, Rose, Purple, Excellent cut-flowers, Summer, Scented, No, Full sun, Fertile, humus-rich, moist, well-drained soil, North, No special conditions, Front of border, One of the best crimson/purple roses bred to date. The large, cupped, double flowers have a powerful old rose fragrance. The rich, dark crimson flowers eventually turn to a lovely rich purple colour., 13.99), (2, Narcissus , Canaliculatus, Bulbs, White petals with a yellow cup, Low maintenance, Spring, Scented, Yes, Full sun or partial shade, Well-drained soil, South, No special conditions, Next to an entrance, windowboxes, front of border, in a pot, Plant this at the front of your border, in a pot or in your windowboxes where you can enjoy the small, scented flowers up close. This variety produces several flowers on each stem so they are really colourful. The flowers have white petals with a small yellow cup and they look best in bold clumps., 3.49), (3, Balkan cranesbill, Geranium macrorrhizum, Perennials, Pink, Non poisonous, May to September, Aromatic foliage, Yes, Full sun or partial shade, Fertile, well-drained soil, West, Dry shade, Front of border, Clusters of small, saucer shaped, purplish pink flowers are held on slender stems above strong aromatic, light green leaves from May to September. This is one of the most versatile and useful geraniums, as it will thrive even in dry shade. The deeply cut, semi-evergreen foliage also spreads quickly to form low hummocks that suppress weeds for most of the year. It looks lovely with strongly shaped perennials, such as bergenia, or polemonium, or planted en masse under trees, and is also valuable for hiding the foliage of spring bulbs as they die down. The leaves often turn red in the autumn too., 7.99), (4, Sulphurea, Oenothera stricta, Evening primrose, Creamy yellow, Non poisonous, May to September, Evening, No, Sun, Acid, South, Coastal, Middle of border, Reliably flowering for many months, this showy evening primrose may be short-lived, but it usually self-seeds very freely. It produces large, pale yellow, almost cream flowers that will open in the evening and fill the air with their incredible, heady scent. It is very tolerant of poor soils and is generally very easy to grow., 1.59), (5, Clematis, Clematis cirrhosa var. purpurascens, Climbers, Cream, Winter colour, All year round, Scented, No, Sun, Light sandy, West, No special conditions, Walls and fences, Scented, bell-like, cream winter flowers heavily speckled inside with reddish-brown freckles and glossy, dark-green leaves. This evergreen clematis is ideal for training over a sunny pergola or arch. This is the best way to appreciate the distinctive freckle-like markings, which are less visible when the plant is grown against a wall., 14.69), (6, Skyscraper lily, Lilium Bonbini, Bulbs, Cream, Non poisonous, July, Scented, No, Full sun with light dappled shade at its base, Fertile, reliably moist soil, South, No special conditions, Middle of border, full sun with light dappled shade at its base, 3.99), (7, Ginger lily, Hedychium densiflorum, Bulbs, Orange-red, Architectural foliage, July and August, Scented, No, Full sun or partial shade, Rich, moist soil, South, No special conditions, Middle of border, Forming a slowly spreading clump of lustrous foliage, this compact ginger lily is one of the hardier forms. The slender spikes of fragrant, orange-red flowers appear early in the season and tend to open in one impressive flush., 5.99), (8, Abyssinian gladiolus, Gladiolus murielae, Bulbs, White, Non poisonous, Augsut to October, Scented, No, Full sun, Moist, well-drained soil, South, No special conditions, Middle of border, Delightlful spikes of nodding, funnel-shaped, highly fragrant white flowers, with a prominent burgundy blotch at the base of each petal, seem to dance on the breeze at the ends of their slender stems from late summer. It is a delightfully elegant plant that is ideal for adding movement to a sunny border. Plant it in clumps throughout the beds, or pot them up and keep them on the patio next to a seating area or often-used pathway, where you will be sure to make the most of the heady scent. , 4.99), (9, Lily, Lilium Dimension, Bulbs, Deepest red, Non poisonous, July to August, Scented, No, Partial shade, Moist, acidic soil, South, No special conditions, Middle of border, Branching, near-black stems carry clusters of upward-facing, dark claret-coloured flowers from midsummer. An asiatic hybrid, the tepals that make up the trumpet-shaped flowers, become more re-curved as the flower ages., 5.99), (10, Striped bloody cranesbill, Geranium sanguineum var. striatum, Mediterranean, Light purple, Non poisonous, June to August, Unscented, No, Full sun or partial shade, Fertile, well-drained soil, West, Dry shade, In a rock garden, fertile, well-drained soil, 7.99); ); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `Staff` ( `Staff_ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Full Name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Address` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Phone number` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `DOB` date NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`Staff_ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=8 ; data for table `Staff` INSERT INTO `Staff` (`Staff_ID`, `Full Name`, `Address`, `Phone number`, `DOB`) VALUES (1, Dean Beale, 3 Crennop Road, CRENSHAW, C52 4ND, 077 8192 8493, 1973-11-19), (2, Isabell Edwards, 29 Beddie Road, PORTERS, CA1 0AS, 079 1028 9487, 1965-01-01), (3, Coutinho, 8 Hohlong Street, TREVENDALEIO, KL41 1LE, 070 5878 0006, 1966-02-17), (4, Mirak Klose, 81 Trollige Road, MAGGIE, DG7 2AH, 075 4832 1123, 1988-10-08), (5, ‘Toni Kroos’, 4 Menaos Lane, PORT TRAK, PA4 1FD, 078 5466 6665, 1956-05-31), (6, El Ahmadi’, 49 Kosovo Street, YEOVILSON, NG1 2HG, 077 5477 7908, 1985-09-13), (7, Gary Hooper, 53 Johnsonia Road, PITIFALL, PF15 3VB, 079 2122 5767, 1990-11-02); 4) DELETE FROM ‘GARDEN-CENTER’,’CUSTOMERS’ WHERE ‘Customer’,’Customer_ID’=1 UPDATE `GARDEN-CENTER`.`Customers` SET `Address` = 7 Windsor Road, CHESEFIELD, FH1 9LA WHERE `Customers`.`Customer_ID` = 1; 5) CREATE USER Staff@localhost IDENTIFIED BY GardenCenter; GRANT INSERT, DELETE, GRANT OPTION ON PLANTS TO USER STAFF 6) CREATE USER Staff2@localhost IDENTIFIED BY GardenCenter; GRANT INSERT ON Customers TO USER STAFF2 7) REVOKE INSERT ON PLANTS FROM user STAFF

Informative Speech on Yoga

Informative Speech By:Amber Samworth Topic: Yoga General Purpose: To Inform. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about yoga. Thesis Statement: I want my audience to be informed about what yoga is, its history, and why it has become so popular in recent years. Introduction I. (Open w/impact) According to Ann Pizer, a Yoga Alliance Certified Instructor, in an article last accessed on September 18th 2007, for Yoga. About. Com. â€Å"Yoga means â€Å"union† in Sanskrit, the language of Ancient India where yoga first originated. We can think of that union occurring between the mind, body, and spirit. II. (Introduce topic) As you can see, yoga is an incredibly healthy practice. III. (Establish credibility) I have just recently started doing yoga and I have already noticed a change in my life because of it. IV. (Audience adaptation) Most of you may be asking yourselves: â€Å"How can yoga possibly help me? † V. (Preview main points) Hopefully I can help you answer that qu estion by informing you about what yoga is, what its history is, and why it has become so popular in recent years. Body I. So what exactly is yoga? A. It’s basically a way to create balance in the body by developing strength, flexibility, spirituality and emphasizing a non-materialistic lifestyle. B. Ann Pizer goes on to say that â€Å"’Yoga’ is more accurately described by the Sanskrit word â€Å"asana† which refers to the practice of physical postures or poses. † C. The yoga poses are essential to a yoga class. Most people go to a class because there is an instructor and other motivated people. 1. Rod Hutchings, a member of the Yoga Teacher’s Association of Australia, states in an article on http://www. oga. net. au, last accessed on September 18th 2007, titled â€Å"What is Yoga† that â€Å"A class starts with breathing exercises, then begins with gentle asanas and works up to more difficult ones. † 2. A class will usually exercise all parts of the body and will include breathing practices as well as guided meditation. 3. The poses are as diverse as the instructor and inclu de: sitting, standing, forward bends, back bending, twisting postures, and upside-down asanas. 4. Classes are a good way to go for a lot of people but they do have their drawbacks. . The classes can be difficult for people with physical limitations. b. The classes can also be expensive and are not right for people who feel self conscious in a large group. D. However, there are other options for people who choose to do a yoga program on their own. 1. There is a wealth of knowledge online or they can watch a DVD. 2. Plus, there are several different kinds of yoga, which are tailored to fit what the person is trying to gain from it. a. Hatha yoga is the most common form; it deals with physical postures and breathing. b. Karma yoga and Bhakti yoga are recommended for people who want a more spiritual experience. Transition: Yoga appeals to a lot of people because it offers flexibility and is an art form that has been around for thousands of years. II. Yoga can actually be traced back to 3,000 BC but many people believe that it began with the creation of man. A. According to Shane Bance, a yoga historian, in an article on ABC of yoga. com titled â€Å"Yoga History†, written on April 25th 2006, â€Å"Ancient Stone seals that depict yoga poses were discovered recently. They are believed to be from the first civilizations in ancient India. † B. The history of yoga can be broken down into four periods. 1. The Vedic Period is the period in which yoga began. a. It started with the early religion Brahmanism which was early Hinduism. 2. The Pre-Classical period is the second era. a. It is during this period that we begin to see a correlation between yoga and Buddhism. b. Siddhartha Guatama, who is considered to be the main Buddha, was the first to study yoga. 3. By the third period, the â€Å"Classical Period†, yoga becomes more structured. a. In the 2nd Century, Patan Jali attempts to define yoga in his â€Å"Yoga Sutra† which is an eightfold path of yoga. 4. The fourth and final period is referred to as the Post Classical period, which extends into present day. a. Yoga was first introduced to the west in the late 1800s as an eastern philosophy class that most universities offered. b. Guru Swami Sivananda, a noted Malaysian Physician, modified Patan Jali’s 8 principles into just 5 that are still used today. Transition: It is believed that if you combine all five principles, you will be in tune physically, mentally, and spiritually. Now you can see why yoga has become so popular in our society. III. Many of the reasons why it has become so popular is because yoga is extremely beneficial to the body A. In an article on www. stress. about. com titled â€Å"The Benefits of Yoga for Stress Management†, last accessed on September 20th 2007; Elizabeth Scott M. S. says that the following ailments can be benefited by yoga. 1. Stress management. . Sound sleep. 3. Allergy symptom relief. 4. Lower blood pressure and heart rate. 5. Spiritual growth. 6. Sense of well being. 7. Increased strength and flexibility. 8. Slowed aging process, and these are just to name a few. B. Julie Stachowiak PhD admits in an article on ms. about. com last accessed on September 20th 2007, â€Å"When I have been dedicated to yoga, I have seen amazing differences in my strength and flexibility from week to week. I notice that I hold my body more erect, rather than slumping over my keyboard or leaning over the counter. I also notice that I sleep better. † 1. And many Americans agree with her, we have very hectic lives and find solace in activities that can take us to a so called â€Å"higher place† both physically and spiritually. Conclusion I. (Signal conclusion) I hope that my speech helped all of you to better understand what yoga is, a little bit about its history and why it has become so popular. II. (Summarize your main points) The main things to remember are: A. Yoga is a way to create balance in the body by developing strength, flexibility, and spirituality. B. Yoga can be traced back to 3,000 BC and has had four main periods in history. C. Yoga has the ability to treat many ailments, making it very popular in America today. III. (Close w/impact) I am going to leave you with a quote that will explain yoga the way it was meant to be explained. It is a quote from Krishna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, to his pupil Arjuna in the epic â€Å"Bhagavad-Gita†. A. â€Å"In the state of perfection called trance, or Samadhi, one’s mind is completely restrained from material mental activities by practice of yoga. This is characterized by one’s ability to see the self by the pure mind and to relish and rejoice in the self. In that joyous state, one is situated in boundless transcendental happiness and enjoys himself through transcendental senses. Established thus, one never departs from the truth, and upon gaining this he thinks there is no greater gain. Being situated in such a position, one is never shaken, even in the midst of greatest difficulty. This indeed is actual freedom from all miseries arising from material contract. Works Cited Bance, Shayne. â€Å"Yoga History. † Abc of Yoga. 25 April 2006. http://www. abcofyoga. com Hutchins, Rod. â€Å"What is Yoga? † Yoga. net. au. 18 Sept. 2007. http://www. yoga. net. au Lord Krishna. â€Å"The Bhagavad-Gita† Pizer, Ann. â€Å"What is Yoga? † About. com. 18 Sept. 2007. http://www. yoga. about. com Scott, Elizabeth. â€Å"The Benefits of Yoga for Stress Management. † About. com 20 Sept. 2007, http://ww w. stress. about. com Stachowiak, Julie. â€Å"Yoga and MS. † About. com. 20 Sept. 2007. http://www. ms. yoga. com

Amazon Case study Essay

As seen from 2014, Amazon.com is a no brainer of a business proposition. Today you can buy most things from Amazon.com – books, movies, health and beauty products, appliances, sporting goods†¦..online and the company will ship these purchases to your home the same day and often at little or no cost to you. The typical 2014 university student has grown up with the World Wide Web and eCommerce and takes these services for granted. For its part Amazon recorded revenues of $17.09 billion dollars in 2013 but for all that activity, the company did not yield a profit. According to its founder and CEO Jeffrey P. Bezos, Amazon strives to be the retailer of choice for all things and for all people globally. To this end, Amazon’s profit margins on most products are razor thin and its business practices regarding free shipping and generous return policies erode earnings. Still there is no question that Amazon.com is one of the darlings of the new millennium’s Internet e conomy and a trend-setting retailer in the era of online retailing. In contrast, Amazon’s early history was marked by startling losses and lots of red ink. Why was this so? To understand Amazon’s origins, we must go back to 1994 when Bezos worked for the Shaw grocery store chain and read a study that predicted the Internet would explode in popularity. He figured that before long people would be making money selling over the Web. After considering any number of products to sell online, he settled on books, a standardized product already electronically cataloged, that could be easily managed through an automated supply chain system. Most notably, the typical book store typically managed an inventory of two to three thousand books whereas his imagined online service that would carry them all. In Bezo’s business model, he would disintermediate the retail process, eliminating stores and warehouses. Instead his customers would purchase their books from catalogs on his company’s Web site. Orders would be filled from a new kind of facility, a fulfillment center. In implementing this business model, Bezos quickly discovered that the only way to ensure a positive customer experience was for Amazon to operate their own fulfillment centers, controlling the transaction from start to finish. All of this may sound quite straightforward today but Bezo and his backers were treading in totally unchartered waters in 1995. To compete in this space, Amazon.com required a huge infusion of capital. Those fulfillment centers cost about $50 million apiece. The first of these in Fernley Nevada housed three  million books, CDs, toys, and housewares in a building a quarter-mile long by 200 yards wide. What distinguished this facility from the typical retail warehouse was that it was completely computerized. The associated business processes were largely automated and information intensive. Once customer orders were placed via Amazon.com’s Web site, the company’s information systems would send these orders to fulfillment center â€Å"pickers† who would in turn roam the shelves in a systematic manner assembling customer orders. Along the way, these information systems would capture detailed information on the time and steps involved in filling individual orders, w orker error rates, the flow and turnover of inventory and of course associated cost of operations data. Amazon managers employ this information to squeeze every last drop of productivity out of their processes. For example, as reported by Fred Vogelstein: †¦. by redesigning a bottleneck where workers transfer orders arriving in green plastic bins to a conveyor belt that automatically drops them into the appropriate chutes, Amazon has been able to increase the capacity of the Fernley warehouse by 40%. [In 2003], Amazon’s warehouses handle three times the volume they could in 1999, and in the past three years the cost of operating them has fallen from nearly 20% of Amazon’s revenues to less than 10% percent. The company doesn’t believe it will even have to think about building a new warehouse for another year. The warehouses are so efficient that Amazon turns over its inventory 20 times a year. Virtually every other retailer’s turnover rate is under 15. Indeed, one of the fastest-growing and most profitable parts of Amazon’s business today is its use of its supply chain management processes to service the eCommerce business needs of other retailers, suc h as Toys â€Å"R† Us and Target. All of this helps explain Bezos’s larger point, one he’s been making since he started Amazon but that people are only now starting to believe: â€Å"In the physical world it’s the old saw: location, location, location,† †¦.. â€Å"The three most important things for us are technology, technology, technology.† [But technology is actually the means by which Amazon manages its most valuable asset, its data. Data about products, data about customers, data about supply chain management, data about suppliers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.] â€Å"There just aren’t other companies that let a consumer order two out of what are millions of products in a warehouse and then quickly and efficiently, at low cost, get those two things into a single box.†. But success was not a  forgone conclusion. Amazon faced a lot of red ink in its first five years. Ultimately its devotion to data paid off. As its competitors disappeared from the scene, Amazon leveraged its data management capabilities to drive error out of operations, personalize the Web experience for its customers, and add value to its relations with suppliers by providing them with deep business intelligence concerning the public’s interest in their various products. To achieve these results, Amazon developed its own methods and built its own Web-enabled information systems from scratch. Fortunately, the company could take advantage of established supply-chain management (SCM) systems for the backend of the business. In the final analysis, it was Am azon’s dedication to collecting and using information to run its business, an effort spearheaded by the company’s Chief Technology Officer Werner Vogels and his MIS team that turned the enterprise profitable. Now that Amazon has mastered both the fulfillment side of eCommerce and the data and information management side of global business management, two major profit centers at Amazon that help feed its bottom line include: back-end fulfillment services for other global retailers and cloud computing services for the likes of iTunes and Netflix.

The Current Population of the U.S.A.

The current U.S. population is more than  327 million people (as of early 2018). The United States has the worlds third largest population, following China and  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹India. As the worlds population is approximately 7.5  billion (2017 figures), the current U.S. population represents a mere 4  percent of the worlds population. That means that not quite one in every 25 people on the planet is a resident of the United States of America. How the Population Has Changed and Is Projected to Grow In 1790, the year of the first census of the U.S. population, there were 3,929,214 Americans. By 1900, the number had jumped to 75,994,575. In 1920 the census counted more than 100 million people (105,710,620). Another 100 million people were added to the United States in just 50 years when the 200-million barrier was reached in 1970. The 300 million mark was surpassed in 2006. The U.S. Census Bureau expects the U.S.  population to grow to reach these estimates over the next few decades, averaging about 2.1 million more people per year: 2020: 334.5 million2030:  359.4 million2040:  380.2  million2050:  398.3  million2060: 416.8  million The Population Reference Bureau succinctly summarized the state of the growing U.S. population in 2006: Each 100 million has been added more quickly than the last. It took the United States more than 100 years to reach its first 100 million in 1915. After another 52 years, it reached 200 million in 1967. Less than 40 years later, it is set to hit the 300-million mark. That report suggested that the United States would reach 400 million in 2043, but in 2015 that year was revised to be in 2051. The figure is based on a slowdown in the immigration rate and the fertility rate. Immigration Makes Up for Low Fertility The United States total fertility rate is 1.89, which means that, on average, each woman gives birth to 1.89 children throughout her life. The UN Population Division projects the rate to be relatively stable, from 1.89 to 1.91 projected to 2060, but it still  isnt population replacement.  A country would need a fertility rate of 2.1  to have a stable, no-growth population overall. Overall the U.S. population is  growing  at 0.77 percent a year as of December 2016, and  immigration plays a huge part  in that.  Immigrants to the United States are often young adults (looking for a better life for their future and their familys), and the fertility rate of that population (foreign-born mothers) is higher than for native-born women and projected to remain so. That aspect accounts for that slice of the population growing to be a larger share of the nations population overall, reaching 19 percent by 2060, as compared with 13 percent in 2014. By 2044 more than half of the people will belong to a minority group (anything other than  only  non-Hispanic white). In addition to immigration, longer life expectancy also comes into play with the growing population numbers, and the influx of young immigrants will help the United States support its aging native-born population.​ Shortly before  2050, the current No. 4 nation, Nigeria, is expected to surpass the United States to become the worlds third-largest nation, as its population is growing quickly. India is expected to be the most populous in the world, growing past China.

Cosmetic Surgery The Risk Of Enhancing Beauty - 1328 Words

Bascom 1 Gerniva Bascom English 1101-105 Mrs. Karen M. Holley 28 October 2014 Cosmetic surgery : The Risk of Enhancing Beauty Cosmetic Surgery has become popular over the years due to the advertisement of celebrities who embrace their surgery to refine their beauty. For example, an article by Anthony Elliot, he labels cosmetic surgery as Drastic plastic: The rise of cosmetic surgical culture; Celebrity obsession: Fame, fortune and faking it; Want-now consumerism: Immediate transformation, instant obsolescence; and Making the cut: Cosmetic surgical culture in the global electronic economy(Elliot, 52). The basis of cosmetic surgery is to enhance one s appearance to suit the paradox established by society’s view of what beauty is. This surgery symbolizes that being true to oneself is not the way, if a person wants to survive the person has to look the part. Cosmetic surgery is harmful to the body which can cause long term damage internally, and should only be used when necessary. There are many different types of surgeries depending on the aesthetics of each patient. Some types of plastic surgery include: Arm lift, tummy tuck, laser hair removal, face lift, botox, breast enhancement, etc.(American Society of Plastic Surgeons). The five most popular cosmetic Bascom 2 procedures in 2003 were liposuction, rhinoplasty, eyelid surgery, breast augmentation, and breast reduction(ASAPS).Cosmetic surgery has become another majorShow MoreRelatedCosmetic Surgery1507 Words   |  7 PagesShould cosmetic surgery be encouraged to the general public? Cosmetic surgery is defined as â€Å"any medical operation which is intended to improve a person’s appearance rather than their health† (Cambridge Dictionary, 2003, p.275). By definition, cosmetic surgery is a common practice used to modify the physical outlook of people, especially for women. This is definitely a luxury, which is not necessary to the public. 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Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The stati stics in Medical News Today shows that â€Å"approximately 65,000 surgical cosmetic proceduresRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1552 Words   |  7 Pages People have created the modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only nature beauty brings criterion for beauty definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve the appearance. The statistics in MedicalRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty1579 Words   |  7 Pages People have created modern technical methods to serve the beauty needs of everyone. Aesthetic technologies are going along with the change of beauty needs over the time and adjusting the perception of beauty. Not only does natural beauty bring criterion for beauty’s definition, but also artificial beauty is mutating the standard prescript and the view of beauty. Elective plastic surgery is becoming an acceptable solution for anyone who would like to improve their appearance. In a report from MedicalRead MoreHow Has Cosmetic Surgery Change The Way Females See Beauty Standards?1618 Words   |  7 PagesHow has cosmetic surgery change the way females see beauty standards? The Impact of Cosmetic Surgery   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Kristen, a fifteen-year-old girl from New Jersey, began to develop curves at the age of 15, and she was distressed that her breasts didn’t come next. Because of this, she didn’t feel like a woman. In fact, she was not yet a woman at 15. Nonetheless, for someone who was raised inside a culture of being surrounded by celebrity obsessions and unrealistic TV shows—not to mention that two of herRead MoreTeenagers Should Never Have Cosmetic Surgery Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesTeenagers Should Never Have Cosmetic Surgery In 2012, over 236,000 teenagers from the ages of 13-19 years old, went under the syringe to have a cosmetic procedure done (Gilbert, Web). Teenagers should never be able to have cosmetic surgeries because of the harmful effects the procedures have. Teenage minds and bodies are not fully developed until they are in their early twenties. Therefore, doctors are unable to fully comprehend the risks these procedures will have on the teenagers, since theirRead MoreThe Effects of Cosmetic Surgery1593 Words   |  7 Pagesplanning to have a cosmetic procedure? There are many things that a person considering having a procedure should know. Cosmetic surgery has been practiced for many years however, it is dangerous and many people face addiction. Before having a cosmetic procedure it is important to know all the facts. Cosmetic surgery being so popular, many people are not aware that there are two types of plastic surgery: Cosmetic plastic surgery and Reconstructive plastic surgery. Cosmetic surgery is the improvementRead MoreEating Disorder And Disordered Eating2146 Words   |  9 Pageshistory of AN have a â€Å"significantly greater risk (up to twofold) of unplanned pregnancy than women in the general population† (Kimmel 2015). This is problematic because an unplanned pregnancy increases the possibility of a woman failing to plan properly and participating in risky behaviors such as drinking alcohol, eating improperly, and delaying prenatal care. Another area that is related to the pursuit of a perfect body image is plastic surgery. Plastic surgery is a specialty that focuses on restorationRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : Insight Into The Enslavement1277 Words   |  6 PagesJohanna Bonds Bonds 1 Ms. Homewood Sherlock 11 April 2016 Cosmetic Surgery: Insight into the Enslavement to Looking Perfect In the medical field, cosmetics is the process in which patients undergo surgical and nonsurgical procedures to alter their appearance. Unlike plastic surgeons who are dedicated to helping burn victims and birth disorders etc. Cosmetic surgery is enhancing the appearance of a person. Nonsurgical procedures include; botox, laser hair removal, and surgical procedures

The Kurdistan Workers Party - 1356 Words

The Kurdistan Workers’ Party I decided to do my paper on the terrorist organization named â€Å"Kurdistan Workers’ party† from what I have read about them they are a very interesting group, but violent. The main reason for their attacks is to form a Kurdistan state within Turkey. Some people apart of this organization feel that Turkey has oppressed their culture. They want to fight Turkish officials to prove their point. The group was started by Abdullah Ocalan, a man who believes in Marxist-lenist ideas. Abdullah now resides in a Turkish prison but still has control over what the PKK (Kurdish workers’ party) does. First, Some history of Abdullah Ocalan. He was born in Kurdish village in the country of Turkey. The city where he was born was Omerli, Turkey, On the date of April 4, 1948. He is also known as â€Å"Apo† which means Uncle. He was basically the guy who started it all. I am sure there were many before him with different beliefs, but he was the guy who created the group to ma ke a change for some Kurdish people. I do say some because not all Kurdish people may agree with Apo, because of the violence the group portrays. Ocalan’s surname means â€Å"avenger†. The group can be said to be a terrorist organization by most countries, and defiantly an enemy to Turkey. â€Å"Ocalan was born to a peasant family in a village in southeastern Turkey. He had vague political aspirations as a youngster.† (Abdullah Ocalan) This leads me to believe that being in poor family led him to want to changeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Kurdistan1418 Words   |  6 Pages Kurdistan is a region that has existed in turmoil and is the â€Å"never was† country. The Kurds are the fourth largest ethnic group of the Middle East, numbering between 20 and 25 million. Approximately 15 million live in the regions of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria, an area they called Kurdistan, yet they do not have a country of their own. Formal attempts to establish such a state were crushed by the larger and more powerful countries in the region after both world wars. When the Ottoman Empire collapsedRead MoreKurdistan and the Pkk1503 Words   |  7 PagesKurdistan is a region that has existed in turmoil and is the never was country. The Kurds are the fourth largest ethnic group of the Middle East, numbering between 20 and 25 million. Approximately 15 million live in the regions of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria, an area they called Kurdistan, yet they do not have a country of their own. Formal attempts to establish such a state were crushed by the larger and more pow erful countries in the region after both world wars. When the Ottoman EmpireRead More The Politics of Turkish National Identity Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagessecular westernized country looking to join the European Union; while others hearken back to the days of the Ottoman Empire and wish to make Turkey a divided Islamic state. Conflict between those who consider themselves Turks and the Kurdish separatist party, a militant rebel force, has long shaped the changing Turkish national Identity. Today, Turkey in many ways has had ?to depart from a strict observance of the guiding principals of [Turkey?s modern history] and the kind of self-perception and viewsRead MoreShould Minimum Number Of Beijing Residents Living? Underground Bomb Shelters? Essay1070 Words   |  5 Pagesattacks, the law enforcement agencies were criticized for failing to share important information, and the consolidated watch list was created to avert future communication blunders. High-level secret talks between the Turkish government and Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) collapsed in June 2011 followed by escalating violence. In 2013 a ceasefire was later reached on March 21, 2013 but broke down on July 25, 2015. Although attacks by ISIS only started in 2013, they have claimed 216 lives, making ISISRead More History of Turkish Occupation of Northern Kurdistan Essay4038 Words   |  17 PagesNorthern Kurdistan Since 1984, and especially the last few months, the domestic problems of a major N.A.T.O, Middle Eastern, and American ally state have come to the forefront of the international news scene. That state is the Republic of Turkey and its primary troubles stem from the past seven decades of acrimonious policies directed at the indigenous ethnic Kurds. The main problem, now, is the Kurdish popular insurgency on its hands, in Turkish occupied Northern Kurdistan. The KurdishRead MoreConflict between Kurds and Turkish Forces Essay examples1592 Words   |  7 PagesWar the Kurds had hope of officially having their own nation. (Pope 248-249) The Treaty of Sevres was written after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I. The treaty would section off an area for the Kurdish people called Kurdistan, along with other nations. Most of the area would be within todays modern Turkey but also parts in Syria, Iraq, Armenia, and Iran. The Turks, being the majority in power, were somehow able to renegotiate the treaty. (Ocalan) Read MoreThe New Threats of the Post-Cold War Era1131 Words   |  4 Pageswhere the threat is latent, it is harder to define the nature of the threat and its credibility as the perception of the observer has more of a subjective nature based on interpretation of certain signals from or assumptions about the threatening party.† After the meaning of threat, let’s look at the perception of threat. â€Å"In international relations, threat perception is seen as the decisive intervening variable between action and reaction; unless the threat is perceived, despite information toRead MoreThe Importance Of War : The Republican Loss Of The War738 Words   |  3 PagesIn the modern-day Syria, we see a similar situation occurring. The initial Leftist revolt against the Ba’athist Dictator Al Assad, has been compromised by factional infighting. The Confederate-Socialist Kurds, in an attempt to form an independent Kurdistan have frequently come into armed conflict with Free Syrian Army units. Famously in Aleppo, where the YPG(Kurdish) occupied Sheikh Maqsood neighborhood was under constant bombardment by Government and Rebel forces. In September of 2015 a FSA army accusedRead MoreThe History Of The U. S-Turkey Relations1645 Words   |  7 Pagescauses in Cyprus and Southeast Turkey, but Turkey rejected t hat portion of the aid package. 1998: Turkish refusal to allow U.S. usage of Turkey’s bases to bomb Iraq †¢ Bulent Ecevit, the Turkish deputy prime minister and the leader of one of the parties which made up a coalition government, came out against Turkey’s cooperation with a U.S. military campaign against Saddam Hussein’s Iraqi regime. Ecevit thought Turkey’s regional interests would be hurt by their involvement in any military action.Read MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq1762 Words   |  8 Pageswill help the coalition too. They will host aircraft on their military bases such as in Qatar. Saudi Arabia also offers the coalition to host training camps for Syrian rebels. Finally Turkey fears that weapons can finish in the hands of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party which is a Kurdish militant group fighting the Turkey’s government for self-determination for the Kurds in Turkey. But the coalition is trying to obtain the support of Turkey to facilitate the arms transfers to allies and to make Turkish

Challenges Faced By Global Managers-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Challenges faced by Managers in Global Business Environment. Areas to be focused Political, Social and Economic aspects of challenges as a Global Manager. Answer: Introduction: A person positioned as global manager should have knowledge of domains existing in world. A successful global manager possesses all the key skills required to face the challenges. The report will define issue like political rules, social responsibility and economic environment. A global organisation success depends on various factors like management, policies and key areas. There is huge amount of risk present in all areas of business. Challenges faced by global managers In political environment: A permanent risk for international business existing is political uncertainty and instability. Emerging businesses which provide huge opportunities face more challenges politically then an established business do. Changes in government brings changes in policies, regulations and interest rate that proves damaging to foreign business and investment and creates difficulty for global managers to come out with a solution. Political Issues also occur when ill-defined and unstable policies are present in market (Adger, et ol, 2001). Global managers have to deal with regularly with some risk like confiscation, expropriation and domestication when doing international business. Boycotting of trade or products by one country also creates difficulty for global manager to handle business in other countries. Sometimes extreme nationalism adopted by any country creates issue for managers in that country, as survival becomes difficult (Krishna, Sahay, and Walsham, 2004). Instability of government i n a country make managers confuse to adhere to which policy which directly affects company profits. Global trade practices also include undefined cultural practices like corruption in different countries, which proves challenging for new business. In some countries government has convention of scattering of news and data of organization to public, which organisation may not want. Other risk can be violence, terrorism, cybercrime, import restrictions and price control practices affecting company global business. In economic environment: Global managers not having information about international laws and regulation creates negative effect on freely floating of its funds. Numerous investment opportunities available for organisation will be denied if there is restriction on free flow of funds. Many countries in world do not allow business with other companies if they are not following international business laws. Energy and environmental security also nowadays existing, due to which extra fund for disposing waste and green environment practices is required by global manager (Ghoshal, 1987). A proper disposal waste management policy helps managers to attract customer towards it. Poverty in a nation also decreases the growth of an organisation because lower availability of fund will not allow people to go for another country's product. Global health crisis also affects a business existence because unhealthy population will be reluctant to purchase new products and therefore hesitant to adhere to new practices (Handfield, and Nichols, 2004). Currency and exchange rate of every country affects a manager decision regarding price policy for products and services. In Social environment: Social responsibility is an obligation which every organisation has to fulfil to create a balance between economy and business. Every business has to follow all the customs, beliefs and practices existing in an environment (Lubchenco, 1998). There are numerous issues globally which have to face by managers because of multicultural society, diverse population and unique approaches towards every business. If a business refuses to adapt towards different customs and beliefs then business sales will drop down by significant percentage and will create difficulty for business to grow. In a country where social infrastructure is lacking like housing, schools and basic amenities creates difficulty for a manager to grow business. It may account for huge investment and costs if organisation tries to provide all amenities. Government interference in decision of company also creates an issue as taking permission each time may affect the business. In some countries attitude towards foreign invest ment is still negative. Thus imposing stringent rules for a business and hampering its expansion (Stokols, 1992). The various issues like war between trading and home country also stops trading between them, corrupt leader leading in trading country creates difficulty for global manager to expand business. Conclusion: From the above report, various factors affecting business are discussed like political, economic and social affects business existence globally. Political issues create difficulty in survival of business by imposing different regulation. A social issue hampers the growth of country due to various customs, beliefs and practices adopted by trading country. And in last economic issues creates difficulty in trading freely and fund requirement of an organisation. Sometime funds are not easily available globally to invest in some business and many more. Thus global manager should be provided training with every tic-tacks of business to deal with above issues efficiently References: Adger, W.N., Benjaminsen, T.A., Brown, K. and Svarstad, H., 2001. Advancing a political ecology of global environmental discourses.Development and change,32(4), pp.681-715. Ghoshal, S., 1987. Global strategy: An organizing framework.Strategic management journal,8(5), pp.425-440. Handfield, R.B. and Nichols, E.L., 2004. Key issues in global supply base management.Industrial Marketing Management,33(1), pp.29-35. Krishna, S., Sahay, S. and Walsham, G., 2004. Managing cross-cultural issues in global software outsourcing.Communications of the ACM,47(4), pp.62-66. Lubchenco, J., 1998. Entering the century of the environment: a new social contract for science.Science,279(5350), pp.491-497. Stokols, D., 1992. Establishing and maintaining healthy environments: Toward a social ecology of health promotion.American psychologist,47(1), p.6.