Sunday, January 26, 2020

Database System Development Exam

Database System Development Exam Adam Warsame Course: FDSc Computing Module Title: Database Systems Assignment Title: Database Systems Assessment Introduction The task for this assignment is to develop a database for a local garden centre. To understand the system better and what way it should operate; it was a good idea to review other examples of databases online. From these reviewed examples, was able to gather a rough understanding of what the database should withhold. Analysis The following tables were chosen for this database: Customers:- Customers table is used to hold all the vital information about a customer, such as: full name, address, email and feedback/reviews. Delivery:- Delivery table is used to withhold all the necessary information needed such as shipping date, order information, arrival date and delivery company. Plants:- Plants table is used to store all the information about plants such as popular name, type, features, description etc. Orders:- Orders table is used to hold all the information needed such as order date, delivery information, plant quantities and total price. The following tables (including attributes) were required as a minimum: Customers table; Full Name Address Email Feedback Deliveries table; Order information Shipping date Arrival date Delivery company Plant table; Garden Plant case Latin name Popular name Colour of foliage Colour of flowers Flowering period Height Spread Type of plant Full description and more Orders table; Order date Delivery information Plants quantities Plant prices The database will let staff/admins have a range of rights over the system and will be able to do things such as, edit plant list, create plant list, delete plant list, oversee customer details, monitor orders and check delivery information. Customers will also be able to do a range of things such as, register, make orders, check available plants and choose plants according to its type, attributes or position. Basic commands like edit, delete or save will allow the customer and staff members to quickly accustom to the database and discover things while doing so. As this is an SQL database, we can automatically assume that it will be constantly in development; both in expanding and editing form; which are the simplest of objectives for this type of database. A backup option is implemented to reduce and in due course; stop data loss. Simple password protection will also safeguard customers and staff from identity theft. The requirements are to create a database for a local garden centre called â€Å"Lincoln Garden Centre†. The system should provide the selling facilities, oversee and keep track of customer, plants, orders and staff. Below there is a data flow diagram which displays how the system will allow the customers/users to make orders and what type of processes are included until they have their order. Once the user has registered in the database, they will have the opportunity to scroll through the list of plants and/or select the exact features in which they are interested in most. When they finally decide about their order, they will be able to place an order which in turn will then be seen by a staff member who can store the customer’s order and shipping details and allocate them in the order table. Customers will be able track their orders and identify the estimate dispatch/delivery dates. When the orders are released, the staff can update the plants list if necessary. The whole system is built for this and will easily be able to trace orders, most popular plants, inventory and all related operations. Entity-Relational Model Normalisation 1NF 1NF is the most basic of all the normalisation processes but 1NF can only work if all tables have different entity types. Meaning, no relationships between 2 or more can be developed; otherwise it would break the rules for 1NF. The other rule is that all tables need a primary key, or else that would also go against the rules. 2NF One of the rules within 2NF process is that, only 1 row can have the same details stored. For example, when searching for a postcode, it would also show the town, county etc. To get around this then postcode will need to be created in its own table (postcode being the primary key also a foreign key in other tables) thus completing the need for relations in 2NF. 3NF Values that have the potential to be changed, in a 3NF database, need to be within a table, as a single order may alter the stock levels by creating an order. If not removed, the normalisation rules cannot be met. Within a 3NF system there shouldn’t be any rows/columns that have the exact same information; this is because it should go into a new table. SQL statements for implementation and manipulating database 1) Database: `199209-garden` 2) CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `Customers` ( `Customer_ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Full Name` varchar(25) NOT NULL, `Address` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Email` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `Feedback ` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`Customer_ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=13 ; data for table `Customers` 3) INSERT INTO `Customers` (`Customer_ID`, `Full Name`, `Address`, `Email`, `Feedback/Reviews`) VALUES (1, Jo Millan, 7 Windsor Road, CHESEFIELD, FH1 9LA, [emailprotected], NULL), (2, Harry Hugo, 4 Colywn Bay Road, WANEKE, BA91 8FS , [emailprotected], NULL), (3, Alice Payton, 2 Moor Way, PRESTATYN, NF44 1GB, [emailprotected], NULL), (4, Paul Hudson, 19 Johnno Rd, POSSING, PV33 0FLL, [emailprotected], NULL), (5, Tessa Godknock, 79 Butler Lane, HAHISON, DC10 5LF, [emailprotected], NULL), (6, Abdi Armed, 41 Wool Rd, GONZAGAE, BF35 64S, [emailprotected], Nice website!), (7, Masteran Katrina, 3 Bopping Rd, BEALUMONT, FP3 8TE, [emailprotected], NULL), (8, Ryan Starr, 99 Trevor Lane, LOUIS, ZX25 4GL, [emailprotected], NULL), (9, Ben Augustine, 61 Llaneli Street, BALLYMENA, OA38 8FB, [emailprotected], NULL); ); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `Delivery` ( `Delivery_ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Shipping Date` datetime NOT NULL, `Delivery Information` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Arrival Date` datetime NOT NULL, `Delivery Company` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`Delivery_ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ; data for table `Delivery` INSERT INTO `Delivery` (`Delivery_ID`, `Shipping Date`, `Delivery Information`, `Arrival Date`, `Delivery Company`) VALUES (1, 2011-04-16 15:00:00, Order_ID 1, 2011-04-22 12:00:00, Royal mail. 1st class), (2, 2012-10-21 14:00:00, Order Number 2, 2012-11-07 14:00:00, Ups), (3, 2012-01-11 11:00:00, Order Number 2, 2012-01-22 13:00:00, Royal mail. 2nd class), (4, 2013-11-09 13:00:00, Order Number 3, 2013-11-30 12:00:00, Ups); ); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `Orders` ( `Order_ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Order date` datetime NOT NULL, `Order information` text NOT NULL, `Plant quantities` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Price` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`Order_ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ; data for table `Orders` INSERT INTO `Orders` (`Order_ID`, `Order date`, `Order information`, `Plant quantities`, `Price`) VALUES (1, 2013-01-10 00:00:00, Rosa Falstaff, Balkan cranesbill., 1, 21.98), (2, 2012-12-28 13:00:00, Abyssinian gladiolus,Ginger lily,Striped bloody cranesbill, 1, 31.89), (3, 2013-01-07 00:00:00, Skyscraper lily, 2, 7.98), (4, 2013-01-07 18:00:00, Striped bloody cranesbill, 10, 79.90); Table structure for table `Plants` CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `Plants` ( `Plant_ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Latin Name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Type` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Colour` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Features` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Flowering Season` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Scented/Unscented` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Groundcover` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Sun Level` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Soil Type` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Orientation` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Special conditions` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Position` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Description` varchar(5000) NOT NULL, `Price` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`Plant_ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COMMENT=Plants Table AUTO_INCREMENT=11 ; data for table `Plants` INSERT INTO `Plants` (`Plant_ID`, `Name`, `Latin Name`, `Type`, `Colour`, `Features`, `Flowering Season`, `Scented/Unscented`, `Groundcover`, `Sun Level`, `Soil Type`, `Orientation`, `Special conditions`, `Position`, `Description`, `Price`) VALUES (1, Rosa Falstaff, Ausverse, Rose, Purple, Excellent cut-flowers, Summer, Scented, No, Full sun, Fertile, humus-rich, moist, well-drained soil, North, No special conditions, Front of border, One of the best crimson/purple roses bred to date. The large, cupped, double flowers have a powerful old rose fragrance. The rich, dark crimson flowers eventually turn to a lovely rich purple colour., 13.99), (2, Narcissus , Canaliculatus, Bulbs, White petals with a yellow cup, Low maintenance, Spring, Scented, Yes, Full sun or partial shade, Well-drained soil, South, No special conditions, Next to an entrance, windowboxes, front of border, in a pot, Plant this at the front of your border, in a pot or in your windowboxes where you can enjoy the small, scented flowers up close. This variety produces several flowers on each stem so they are really colourful. The flowers have white petals with a small yellow cup and they look best in bold clumps., 3.49), (3, Balkan cranesbill, Geranium macrorrhizum, Perennials, Pink, Non poisonous, May to September, Aromatic foliage, Yes, Full sun or partial shade, Fertile, well-drained soil, West, Dry shade, Front of border, Clusters of small, saucer shaped, purplish pink flowers are held on slender stems above strong aromatic, light green leaves from May to September. This is one of the most versatile and useful geraniums, as it will thrive even in dry shade. The deeply cut, semi-evergreen foliage also spreads quickly to form low hummocks that suppress weeds for most of the year. It looks lovely with strongly shaped perennials, such as bergenia, or polemonium, or planted en masse under trees, and is also valuable for hiding the foliage of spring bulbs as they die down. The leaves often turn red in the autumn too., 7.99), (4, Sulphurea, Oenothera stricta, Evening primrose, Creamy yellow, Non poisonous, May to September, Evening, No, Sun, Acid, South, Coastal, Middle of border, Reliably flowering for many months, this showy evening primrose may be short-lived, but it usually self-seeds very freely. It produces large, pale yellow, almost cream flowers that will open in the evening and fill the air with their incredible, heady scent. It is very tolerant of poor soils and is generally very easy to grow., 1.59), (5, Clematis, Clematis cirrhosa var. purpurascens, Climbers, Cream, Winter colour, All year round, Scented, No, Sun, Light sandy, West, No special conditions, Walls and fences, Scented, bell-like, cream winter flowers heavily speckled inside with reddish-brown freckles and glossy, dark-green leaves. This evergreen clematis is ideal for training over a sunny pergola or arch. This is the best way to appreciate the distinctive freckle-like markings, which are less visible when the plant is grown against a wall., 14.69), (6, Skyscraper lily, Lilium Bonbini, Bulbs, Cream, Non poisonous, July, Scented, No, Full sun with light dappled shade at its base, Fertile, reliably moist soil, South, No special conditions, Middle of border, full sun with light dappled shade at its base, 3.99), (7, Ginger lily, Hedychium densiflorum, Bulbs, Orange-red, Architectural foliage, July and August, Scented, No, Full sun or partial shade, Rich, moist soil, South, No special conditions, Middle of border, Forming a slowly spreading clump of lustrous foliage, this compact ginger lily is one of the hardier forms. The slender spikes of fragrant, orange-red flowers appear early in the season and tend to open in one impressive flush., 5.99), (8, Abyssinian gladiolus, Gladiolus murielae, Bulbs, White, Non poisonous, Augsut to October, Scented, No, Full sun, Moist, well-drained soil, South, No special conditions, Middle of border, Delightlful spikes of nodding, funnel-shaped, highly fragrant white flowers, with a prominent burgundy blotch at the base of each petal, seem to dance on the breeze at the ends of their slender stems from late summer. It is a delightfully elegant plant that is ideal for adding movement to a sunny border. Plant it in clumps throughout the beds, or pot them up and keep them on the patio next to a seating area or often-used pathway, where you will be sure to make the most of the heady scent. , 4.99), (9, Lily, Lilium Dimension, Bulbs, Deepest red, Non poisonous, July to August, Scented, No, Partial shade, Moist, acidic soil, South, No special conditions, Middle of border, Branching, near-black stems carry clusters of upward-facing, dark claret-coloured flowers from midsummer. An asiatic hybrid, the tepals that make up the trumpet-shaped flowers, become more re-curved as the flower ages., 5.99), (10, Striped bloody cranesbill, Geranium sanguineum var. striatum, Mediterranean, Light purple, Non poisonous, June to August, Unscented, No, Full sun or partial shade, Fertile, well-drained soil, West, Dry shade, In a rock garden, fertile, well-drained soil, 7.99); ); CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `Staff` ( `Staff_ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Full Name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Address` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `Phone number` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `DOB` date NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`Staff_ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=8 ; data for table `Staff` INSERT INTO `Staff` (`Staff_ID`, `Full Name`, `Address`, `Phone number`, `DOB`) VALUES (1, Dean Beale, 3 Crennop Road, CRENSHAW, C52 4ND, 077 8192 8493, 1973-11-19), (2, Isabell Edwards, 29 Beddie Road, PORTERS, CA1 0AS, 079 1028 9487, 1965-01-01), (3, Coutinho, 8 Hohlong Street, TREVENDALEIO, KL41 1LE, 070 5878 0006, 1966-02-17), (4, Mirak Klose, 81 Trollige Road, MAGGIE, DG7 2AH, 075 4832 1123, 1988-10-08), (5, ‘Toni Kroos’, 4 Menaos Lane, PORT TRAK, PA4 1FD, 078 5466 6665, 1956-05-31), (6, El Ahmadi’, 49 Kosovo Street, YEOVILSON, NG1 2HG, 077 5477 7908, 1985-09-13), (7, Gary Hooper, 53 Johnsonia Road, PITIFALL, PF15 3VB, 079 2122 5767, 1990-11-02); 4) DELETE FROM ‘GARDEN-CENTER’,’CUSTOMERS’ WHERE ‘Customer’,’Customer_ID’=1 UPDATE `GARDEN-CENTER`.`Customers` SET `Address` = 7 Windsor Road, CHESEFIELD, FH1 9LA WHERE `Customers`.`Customer_ID` = 1; 5) CREATE USER Staff@localhost IDENTIFIED BY GardenCenter; GRANT INSERT, DELETE, GRANT OPTION ON PLANTS TO USER STAFF 6) CREATE USER Staff2@localhost IDENTIFIED BY GardenCenter; GRANT INSERT ON Customers TO USER STAFF2 7) REVOKE INSERT ON PLANTS FROM user STAFF

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Informative Speech on Yoga

Informative Speech By:Amber Samworth Topic: Yoga General Purpose: To Inform. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about yoga. Thesis Statement: I want my audience to be informed about what yoga is, its history, and why it has become so popular in recent years. Introduction I. (Open w/impact) According to Ann Pizer, a Yoga Alliance Certified Instructor, in an article last accessed on September 18th 2007, for Yoga. About. Com. â€Å"Yoga means â€Å"union† in Sanskrit, the language of Ancient India where yoga first originated. We can think of that union occurring between the mind, body, and spirit. II. (Introduce topic) As you can see, yoga is an incredibly healthy practice. III. (Establish credibility) I have just recently started doing yoga and I have already noticed a change in my life because of it. IV. (Audience adaptation) Most of you may be asking yourselves: â€Å"How can yoga possibly help me? † V. (Preview main points) Hopefully I can help you answer that qu estion by informing you about what yoga is, what its history is, and why it has become so popular in recent years. Body I. So what exactly is yoga? A. It’s basically a way to create balance in the body by developing strength, flexibility, spirituality and emphasizing a non-materialistic lifestyle. B. Ann Pizer goes on to say that â€Å"’Yoga’ is more accurately described by the Sanskrit word â€Å"asana† which refers to the practice of physical postures or poses. † C. The yoga poses are essential to a yoga class. Most people go to a class because there is an instructor and other motivated people. 1. Rod Hutchings, a member of the Yoga Teacher’s Association of Australia, states in an article on http://www. oga. net. au, last accessed on September 18th 2007, titled â€Å"What is Yoga† that â€Å"A class starts with breathing exercises, then begins with gentle asanas and works up to more difficult ones. † 2. A class will usually exercise all parts of the body and will include breathing practices as well as guided meditation. 3. The poses are as diverse as the instructor and inclu de: sitting, standing, forward bends, back bending, twisting postures, and upside-down asanas. 4. Classes are a good way to go for a lot of people but they do have their drawbacks. . The classes can be difficult for people with physical limitations. b. The classes can also be expensive and are not right for people who feel self conscious in a large group. D. However, there are other options for people who choose to do a yoga program on their own. 1. There is a wealth of knowledge online or they can watch a DVD. 2. Plus, there are several different kinds of yoga, which are tailored to fit what the person is trying to gain from it. a. Hatha yoga is the most common form; it deals with physical postures and breathing. b. Karma yoga and Bhakti yoga are recommended for people who want a more spiritual experience. Transition: Yoga appeals to a lot of people because it offers flexibility and is an art form that has been around for thousands of years. II. Yoga can actually be traced back to 3,000 BC but many people believe that it began with the creation of man. A. According to Shane Bance, a yoga historian, in an article on ABC of yoga. com titled â€Å"Yoga History†, written on April 25th 2006, â€Å"Ancient Stone seals that depict yoga poses were discovered recently. They are believed to be from the first civilizations in ancient India. † B. The history of yoga can be broken down into four periods. 1. The Vedic Period is the period in which yoga began. a. It started with the early religion Brahmanism which was early Hinduism. 2. The Pre-Classical period is the second era. a. It is during this period that we begin to see a correlation between yoga and Buddhism. b. Siddhartha Guatama, who is considered to be the main Buddha, was the first to study yoga. 3. By the third period, the â€Å"Classical Period†, yoga becomes more structured. a. In the 2nd Century, Patan Jali attempts to define yoga in his â€Å"Yoga Sutra† which is an eightfold path of yoga. 4. The fourth and final period is referred to as the Post Classical period, which extends into present day. a. Yoga was first introduced to the west in the late 1800s as an eastern philosophy class that most universities offered. b. Guru Swami Sivananda, a noted Malaysian Physician, modified Patan Jali’s 8 principles into just 5 that are still used today. Transition: It is believed that if you combine all five principles, you will be in tune physically, mentally, and spiritually. Now you can see why yoga has become so popular in our society. III. Many of the reasons why it has become so popular is because yoga is extremely beneficial to the body A. In an article on www. stress. about. com titled â€Å"The Benefits of Yoga for Stress Management†, last accessed on September 20th 2007; Elizabeth Scott M. S. says that the following ailments can be benefited by yoga. 1. Stress management. . Sound sleep. 3. Allergy symptom relief. 4. Lower blood pressure and heart rate. 5. Spiritual growth. 6. Sense of well being. 7. Increased strength and flexibility. 8. Slowed aging process, and these are just to name a few. B. Julie Stachowiak PhD admits in an article on ms. about. com last accessed on September 20th 2007, â€Å"When I have been dedicated to yoga, I have seen amazing differences in my strength and flexibility from week to week. I notice that I hold my body more erect, rather than slumping over my keyboard or leaning over the counter. I also notice that I sleep better. † 1. And many Americans agree with her, we have very hectic lives and find solace in activities that can take us to a so called â€Å"higher place† both physically and spiritually. Conclusion I. (Signal conclusion) I hope that my speech helped all of you to better understand what yoga is, a little bit about its history and why it has become so popular. II. (Summarize your main points) The main things to remember are: A. Yoga is a way to create balance in the body by developing strength, flexibility, and spirituality. B. Yoga can be traced back to 3,000 BC and has had four main periods in history. C. Yoga has the ability to treat many ailments, making it very popular in America today. III. (Close w/impact) I am going to leave you with a quote that will explain yoga the way it was meant to be explained. It is a quote from Krishna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, to his pupil Arjuna in the epic â€Å"Bhagavad-Gita†. A. â€Å"In the state of perfection called trance, or Samadhi, one’s mind is completely restrained from material mental activities by practice of yoga. This is characterized by one’s ability to see the self by the pure mind and to relish and rejoice in the self. In that joyous state, one is situated in boundless transcendental happiness and enjoys himself through transcendental senses. Established thus, one never departs from the truth, and upon gaining this he thinks there is no greater gain. Being situated in such a position, one is never shaken, even in the midst of greatest difficulty. This indeed is actual freedom from all miseries arising from material contract. Works Cited Bance, Shayne. â€Å"Yoga History. † Abc of Yoga. 25 April 2006. http://www. abcofyoga. com Hutchins, Rod. â€Å"What is Yoga? † Yoga. net. au. 18 Sept. 2007. http://www. yoga. net. au Lord Krishna. â€Å"The Bhagavad-Gita† Pizer, Ann. â€Å"What is Yoga? † About. com. 18 Sept. 2007. http://www. yoga. about. com Scott, Elizabeth. â€Å"The Benefits of Yoga for Stress Management. † About. com 20 Sept. 2007, http://ww w. stress. about. com Stachowiak, Julie. â€Å"Yoga and MS. † About. com. 20 Sept. 2007. http://www. ms. yoga. com

Friday, January 10, 2020

Amazon Case study Essay

As seen from 2014, Amazon.com is a no brainer of a business proposition. Today you can buy most things from Amazon.com – books, movies, health and beauty products, appliances, sporting goods†¦..online and the company will ship these purchases to your home the same day and often at little or no cost to you. The typical 2014 university student has grown up with the World Wide Web and eCommerce and takes these services for granted. For its part Amazon recorded revenues of $17.09 billion dollars in 2013 but for all that activity, the company did not yield a profit. According to its founder and CEO Jeffrey P. Bezos, Amazon strives to be the retailer of choice for all things and for all people globally. To this end, Amazon’s profit margins on most products are razor thin and its business practices regarding free shipping and generous return policies erode earnings. Still there is no question that Amazon.com is one of the darlings of the new millennium’s Internet e conomy and a trend-setting retailer in the era of online retailing. In contrast, Amazon’s early history was marked by startling losses and lots of red ink. Why was this so? To understand Amazon’s origins, we must go back to 1994 when Bezos worked for the Shaw grocery store chain and read a study that predicted the Internet would explode in popularity. He figured that before long people would be making money selling over the Web. After considering any number of products to sell online, he settled on books, a standardized product already electronically cataloged, that could be easily managed through an automated supply chain system. Most notably, the typical book store typically managed an inventory of two to three thousand books whereas his imagined online service that would carry them all. In Bezo’s business model, he would disintermediate the retail process, eliminating stores and warehouses. Instead his customers would purchase their books from catalogs on his company’s Web site. Orders would be filled from a new kind of facility, a fulfillment center. In implementing this business model, Bezos quickly discovered that the only way to ensure a positive customer experience was for Amazon to operate their own fulfillment centers, controlling the transaction from start to finish. All of this may sound quite straightforward today but Bezo and his backers were treading in totally unchartered waters in 1995. To compete in this space, Amazon.com required a huge infusion of capital. Those fulfillment centers cost about $50 million apiece. The first of these in Fernley Nevada housed three  million books, CDs, toys, and housewares in a building a quarter-mile long by 200 yards wide. What distinguished this facility from the typical retail warehouse was that it was completely computerized. The associated business processes were largely automated and information intensive. Once customer orders were placed via Amazon.com’s Web site, the company’s information systems would send these orders to fulfillment center â€Å"pickers† who would in turn roam the shelves in a systematic manner assembling customer orders. Along the way, these information systems would capture detailed information on the time and steps involved in filling individual orders, w orker error rates, the flow and turnover of inventory and of course associated cost of operations data. Amazon managers employ this information to squeeze every last drop of productivity out of their processes. For example, as reported by Fred Vogelstein: †¦. by redesigning a bottleneck where workers transfer orders arriving in green plastic bins to a conveyor belt that automatically drops them into the appropriate chutes, Amazon has been able to increase the capacity of the Fernley warehouse by 40%. [In 2003], Amazon’s warehouses handle three times the volume they could in 1999, and in the past three years the cost of operating them has fallen from nearly 20% of Amazon’s revenues to less than 10% percent. The company doesn’t believe it will even have to think about building a new warehouse for another year. The warehouses are so efficient that Amazon turns over its inventory 20 times a year. Virtually every other retailer’s turnover rate is under 15. Indeed, one of the fastest-growing and most profitable parts of Amazon’s business today is its use of its supply chain management processes to service the eCommerce business needs of other retailers, suc h as Toys â€Å"R† Us and Target. All of this helps explain Bezos’s larger point, one he’s been making since he started Amazon but that people are only now starting to believe: â€Å"In the physical world it’s the old saw: location, location, location,† †¦.. â€Å"The three most important things for us are technology, technology, technology.† [But technology is actually the means by which Amazon manages its most valuable asset, its data. Data about products, data about customers, data about supply chain management, data about suppliers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.] â€Å"There just aren’t other companies that let a consumer order two out of what are millions of products in a warehouse and then quickly and efficiently, at low cost, get those two things into a single box.†. But success was not a  forgone conclusion. Amazon faced a lot of red ink in its first five years. Ultimately its devotion to data paid off. As its competitors disappeared from the scene, Amazon leveraged its data management capabilities to drive error out of operations, personalize the Web experience for its customers, and add value to its relations with suppliers by providing them with deep business intelligence concerning the public’s interest in their various products. To achieve these results, Amazon developed its own methods and built its own Web-enabled information systems from scratch. Fortunately, the company could take advantage of established supply-chain management (SCM) systems for the backend of the business. In the final analysis, it was Am azon’s dedication to collecting and using information to run its business, an effort spearheaded by the company’s Chief Technology Officer Werner Vogels and his MIS team that turned the enterprise profitable. Now that Amazon has mastered both the fulfillment side of eCommerce and the data and information management side of global business management, two major profit centers at Amazon that help feed its bottom line include: back-end fulfillment services for other global retailers and cloud computing services for the likes of iTunes and Netflix.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

The Current Population of the U.S.A.

The current U.S. population is more than  327 million people (as of early 2018). The United States has the worlds third largest population, following China and  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹India. As the worlds population is approximately 7.5  billion (2017 figures), the current U.S. population represents a mere 4  percent of the worlds population. That means that not quite one in every 25 people on the planet is a resident of the United States of America. How the Population Has Changed and Is Projected to Grow In 1790, the year of the first census of the U.S. population, there were 3,929,214 Americans. By 1900, the number had jumped to 75,994,575. In 1920 the census counted more than 100 million people (105,710,620). Another 100 million people were added to the United States in just 50 years when the 200-million barrier was reached in 1970. The 300 million mark was surpassed in 2006. The U.S. Census Bureau expects the U.S.  population to grow to reach these estimates over the next few decades, averaging about 2.1 million more people per year: 2020: 334.5 million2030:  359.4 million2040:  380.2  million2050:  398.3  million2060: 416.8  million The Population Reference Bureau succinctly summarized the state of the growing U.S. population in 2006: Each 100 million has been added more quickly than the last. It took the United States more than 100 years to reach its first 100 million in 1915. After another 52 years, it reached 200 million in 1967. Less than 40 years later, it is set to hit the 300-million mark. That report suggested that the United States would reach 400 million in 2043, but in 2015 that year was revised to be in 2051. The figure is based on a slowdown in the immigration rate and the fertility rate. Immigration Makes Up for Low Fertility The United States total fertility rate is 1.89, which means that, on average, each woman gives birth to 1.89 children throughout her life. The UN Population Division projects the rate to be relatively stable, from 1.89 to 1.91 projected to 2060, but it still  isnt population replacement.  A country would need a fertility rate of 2.1  to have a stable, no-growth population overall. Overall the U.S. population is  growing  at 0.77 percent a year as of December 2016, and  immigration plays a huge part  in that.  Immigrants to the United States are often young adults (looking for a better life for their future and their familys), and the fertility rate of that population (foreign-born mothers) is higher than for native-born women and projected to remain so. That aspect accounts for that slice of the population growing to be a larger share of the nations population overall, reaching 19 percent by 2060, as compared with 13 percent in 2014. By 2044 more than half of the people will belong to a minority group (anything other than  only  non-Hispanic white). In addition to immigration, longer life expectancy also comes into play with the growing population numbers, and the influx of young immigrants will help the United States support its aging native-born population.​ Shortly before  2050, the current No. 4 nation, Nigeria, is expected to surpass the United States to become the worlds third-largest nation, as its population is growing quickly. India is expected to be the most populous in the world, growing past China.